EFFECTS OF PRE-QUESTIONING ON THE READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT SMAN-2 JEKAN RAYA IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2006/2007

ABSTRACT

This study were conducted to investigate the effect of Pre-questioning on the Reading Comprehension Achievement of the Second Grade Students at SMAN-2 Jekan Raya Palangkaraya, to investigate the effects of students’ gender on the reading comprehension achievement of the second grade students at SMAN-2 Jekan Raya Palangkaraya, and to investigate the effects of pre-questioning and students gender on the reading comprehension achievement of the second grade students at SMAN-2 Jekan Raya Palangkaraya in academic year 2006/2007. The forms of questions were in multiple choice and essay, multiple choice used for reading comprehension tests and essay used for Pre-questioning tests. There were sixty-eight of second grade students of IPS classes at SMAN-2 Jekan Raya in academic year 2006/2007 as the sample on this study.

The writer used factorial experimental method in this study. The data were processed and analyzed according to these steps: taking the data, coding, scoring, tabulating using SPSS version 13 and taking the conclusion based on the statistic result. 

The result of this study shows that “the Pre-questioning has a significant effect on the students’ reading comprehension achievement”, “the students’ gender has no a significant effect on the students’ reading comprehension achievement”, and “there is no interaction effect between pre-questioning and students’ gender”.

In this study the experimental class (the treatment using pre-questioning) has a better ability in comprehend the text than control class. It can be seen from the mean score and the result of two way of ANOVA.

                                    

                                         TABLE OF CONTENT

APPROVAL OF THE THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE............................   iii

APPROVAL OF THE THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE..........................   iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................vii 

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................. viii

LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................. xi

LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS................................................xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES.................................................................................... xv

                                                                         

CHAPTER  I.  INTRODUCTION          ..............................................................  1          

1.1.   Background of the Study...............................................   2

1.2.   Problem of the Study ..................................................... 2

1.3.   Objective of the Study....................................................  3

1.4.   Assumption                ..................................................... 3

1.5.   Hypothesis                  ..................................................... 4

1.6.   Delimitation of the Study...............................................     5

1.7.   Limitation of the Study..................................................     5

1.8.   Significance of the Study...............................................     5

1.9.   Clarification of the Key Terms.......................................     6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE....................................       8

              2.1  The Essence of Reading....................................................    8

              2.2  Reading Comprehension....................................................    8

              2.3  Schemata Theory Background and Knowledge in Reading   10

              2.4  Cognitive Factors in Reading............................................    11

2.4.1 Perception        ..................................................... 11

2.4.2 Memory            .....................................................12

2.4.3 Attention          ..................................................... 12

2.4.4 Cognitive Style.....................................................   13

              2.5  Reading as a Process of Predicting....................................   14              

              2.6  Some Factors that Influence Students’ Reading

  Comprehension Achievement.........................................   14

       2.6.1    The Internal Factor............................................  14

       2.6.1.1 Motivation    .....................................................  15

       2.6.1.2 Interest          ..................................................... 15

2.6.2    The External Factor...........................................   16

2.6.2.1 Reading Material...............................................   16

2.6.2.2 Teacher of Reading...........................................   16

              2.7  Questioning Strategies  .....................................................   16

              2.8  Pre-questioning             .....................................................  17

              2.9  Kinds of Pre-questioning...................................................   18

              2.10Kinds of Questions in Reading Comprehension...............      19
       2.11The Differences between Male and Female in   
              Learning Attitudes and Reading Habit ...............................    21                              

Learning attitudes.............................................    21      

Reading Habit..................................................    21

CHAPTER III. METHOD AND PROCEDURES.................................................    23

3.1   Data                            ..................................................... 23

3.1.1     The Data Needed.................................................  23

3.1.2     Criteria for the Admissibility of the Data............       23

3.1.3     Data Collection and Data Processing Procedures . 23

3.2.  Instrumentation.............................................................     24

                       3.2.1.    Instrumentation Development.............................     24

 3.2.1.    Instrumentation Try out.......................................    25

 3.2.2.    Instrumentation Validity.........................................  27

3.2.3.1 Construct validity..................................................  27

3.2.3.2  Content Validity.................................................... 28

3.2.3.    Instrumentation Reliability......................................   29

                 3.3.  Population and Sample....................................................   35

                                   3.3.1.   Population       ....................................................   35

                                   3.3.2.   Sample             ....................................................  35

                        3.4.  Research Methodology....................................................   36

                                   3.4.1.   Research Method................................................   36

  3.4.2.      Variables of the Study.........................................    38

  3.4.3.      Data Analysis Procedure....................................     38

                           3.5.  Validity of the Study........................................................     40

CHAPTER IV RESULT OF THE STUDY......................................................   42 

                           4.1 Description of the Data ......................................................   43

                           4.2 Test of the Statistical Analysis Requirements ......................... 45
                                 4.2.1        Test of Normality and Homogeneity of
                                             Treatments (with pre-questioning and without
                                              pre-questioning) ...................................................... 45
                                 4.2.2        Test of Normality and Homogeneity of
                                             Students’ Gender...................................................... 47 
                            4.3 Result of the Data Analysis ..................................................  48 
                                  4.3.1      Testing hypothesis I  ................................................. 49 
                                  4.3.2        Testing hypothesis II ................................................ 52 
                                  4.3.3        Testing hypothesis III ............................................... 55

CHAPTER V   DISSCUSSION, CONCLUSION, AND SUGGESTION                 

                           5.1 Discussion  ........................................................................... 57

    5.2 Conclusion  ........................................................................... 60

    5.3 Suggestion  ...........................................................................  62

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