Senin, 22 Oktober 2012

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS OBJECT ORIENTED DENGAN UNIFIED APPROACH


ABSTRAK

Dinas Perhubungan (DISHUB) adalah instansi pemerintah yang salah satu tugasnya adalah menentukan alokasi trayek angkutan perdesaan serta menentukan jumlah armada dan tarif angkutan perdesaan. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, DISHUB membutuhkan banyak waktu, karena masih menggunakan sistem manual. Cara inilah yang sering menjadi faktor utama keterlambatan pengambilan keputusan dalam memberikan suatu kebijakan. Hal ini sangat tidak diharapkan karena kondisi lapangan membutuhkan keputusan yang dihasilkan dalam waktu yang cepat dan tepat. Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Penentuan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (SIPATAP) di Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten ....... merupakan salah satu bentuk pengembangan sistem dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa teknologi informasi telah mempengaruhi aktifitas bisnis suatu lingkungan kerja termasuk salah satunya Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten ....... Dilatarbelakangi oleh perkembangan jumlah penduduk  yang menggunakan jasa transportasi angkutan umum dalam hal ini angkutan perdesaan serta berkembangnya pembangunan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat suatu daerah, maka berdasarkan analisis permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan suatu sistem penentuan alokasi trayek angkutan perdesaan yang terkomputerisasi.

Analisis bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman secara keseluruhan tentang sistem yang akan kita kembangkan berdasarkan kebutuhan User. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilalui dalam proses analisis antara lain identifikasi aktor, pengembangan use case dan activity diagram, pengembangan interaction diagram, identifikasi kelas, atribut & method serta pemeriksaan.

Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah dengan metodologi berorientasi objek yaitu Unified Approach (UA) dengan menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML) untuk memodelkan kebutuhan sistem. Perancangan  sistem adalah strategi untuk memecahkan masalah dan mengembangkan solusi terbaik bagi permasalahan itu. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilalui dalam proses perancangan sistem antara lain design class diagram, design  view/access layer, dan User satisfaction and usability tests based on use case. Adapun tujuan dari pengembangan sistem ini adalah untuk merancang Sistem Informasi Penentuan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (SIPATAP)  yang terkomputerisasi guna mengakomodasi kebutuhan user sebagai pengguna sistem dalam pencatatan dan pelaporan data hasil survey.
Dari hasil penelitian ini akhirnya dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Sistem Informasi Penentuan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (SIPATAP) dapat membantu Dinas Perhubungan dalam melaksanakan salah satu tugasnya yaitu menentukan alokasi trayek angkutan perdesaan. Selain itu, informasi yang dihasilkan telah mengakomodasi kebutuhan user sebagai pengguna sistem.
Kata Kunci : Unified Approach (UA), Unified Modelling Language (UML)

                                                 

                                               DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................   i
KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................    ii
DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................   iv   
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................. xxi

BAB I    PENDAHULUAN
1.1  Latar Belakang Masalah................................................................     1
1.2  Identifikasi Masalah......................................................................     5
1.3  Tujuan Penelitian...........................................................................     5
1.4  Batasan Masalah............................................................................     6
1.5  Metodologi Penelitian....................................................................     7
 1.5.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................     7
          1.5.1.1 Pengumpulan Data Primer........................................     7
          1.5.1.2 Pengumpulan Data Sekunder...................................     7
       1.5.2 Metode Perancangan Berorientasi Objek.............................     7
                1.5.2.1 Unified Modelling Language (UML)........................   9
1.6  Kerangka Pemikiran.......................................................................   10
1.7  Sistematika Penulisan....................................................................   12

BAB II   TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Konsep Dasar Sistem Informasi.....................................................   14
2.1.1 Pengertian Data.....................................................................   14
         2.1.1.1 Jenis Data Menurut Cara Memperolehnya.................   15
         2.1.1.2 Macam-macam Data Berdasarkan Sumber Data.......   15
         2.1.1.3 Klasifikasi Data Berdasarkan Jenis Datanya.............   15
         2.1.1.4 Pembagian Jenis Data Berdasarkan Sifat Data..........   16
         2.1.1.5 Jenis-jenis Data Menurut Waktu Pengumpulannya.....   16
2.1.2 Pengertian Sistem..................................................................   17
         2.1.2.1 Karakteristik Sistem...................................................   18
2.1.3 Pengertian Informasi..............................................................   19
         2.1.3.1 Siklus Informasi.........................................................   21
2.1.4 Pengertian Sistem Informasi..................................................   21
2.1.5 Manajemen.............................................................................   23
         2.1.5.1 Fungsi-fungsi Manajemen..........................................   23
2.1.6 Sistem Informasi Manajemen................................................   24
2.1.7 Hubungan Informasi dengan Manajemen..............................   26
2.2 Pengembangan Sistem....................................................................   27
2.2.1 Pengertian Metodologi Berorientasi Objek...........................   29
2.2.2 Karakteristik Sistem Berorientasi Objek................................   30
2.2.3 Keuntungan Metodologi Berorientasi Objek.........................   30
2.3 Konsep Dasar dalam Object Oriented Analysis & Design
      (OOAD)..........................................................................................   31
2.3.1 Aktor (Actor).........................................................................   31
2.3.2 Objek (Object).......................................................................   32
2.3.3 Kelas (Class)..........................................................................   32
         2.3.3.1  Kelas Objek (Object Class).......................................   33
2.3.4 Atribut...................................................................................   33
2.3.5 Operasi (Operation)...............................................................   34
2.3.6 Pemodelan Proses Menggunakan Use Case Driven..............   34
2.4 Unified Modelling Language (UML) .............................................   35
2.4.1 Class Diagram.......................................................................   36
         2.4.1.1 Paket (Package).........................................................   39
         2.4.1.2 Relasi pada Class Diagram........................................   39
         2.4.1.3 Asosiasi (Association)................................................   39
         2.4.1.4 Batasan (Constraint)..................................................   40
         2.4.1.5 Associations Class......................................................   40
         2.4.1.6 Multiplisitas (Multiplicity)..........................................   41
         2.4.1.7 Generalisasi dan Pewarisan (Generalization
                                          &  Inheritance)...........................................................   42
         2.4.1.8 Dependency Class......................................................   43
         2.4.1.9 Agregasi (Agregation)................................................   43
         2.4.1.10 Interface & Realization............................................   44
 2.4.2 Diagram Objek (Object Diagram)........................................   45
 2.4.3 Use Case Diagram...............................................................   46
 2.4.4 Component Diagram............................................................   48
 2.4.5 Deployment Diagram...........................................................   50
 2.4.6 Sequence Diagram................................................................   51
 2.4.7 Collaboration Diagram........................................................   53
 2.4.8 Statechart Diagram...............................................................   54
 2.4.9 Activity Diagram...................................................................   55
2.5 Object Oriented Development.........................................................   57
2.6 Unified Approach (UA)..................................................................   58
      2.6.1 Object Oriented Analysis  (OOA)..........................................   60
      2.6.2 Object Oriented Design  (OOD)............................................   61
2.7 Basis Data (Database)....................................................................   63
      2.7.1 Definisi Basis Data................................................................   63
      2.7.2 Ketergantungan Fungsional (KF)..........................................   63
      2.7.3 Normalisasi............................................................................   64
                     2.7.4 Database Management System (DBMS)..........................   64
                     2.7.5 Model Database................................................................   65 
                     2.7.6 Antarmuka Database........................................................   67
2.8 Basis Data Berorientasi Objek (Object Oriented Database)...........   68
      2.8.1 Object Oriented Database Management System
               (OODBMS)...........................................................................   69
2.9 Prinsip Dasar Jaringan.....................................................................   70
      2.9.1 Tipe Jaringan Komputer.........................................................   71
      2.9.2 Media Transmisi.....................................................................   71
      2.9.3 Topologi Jaringan...................................................................   72
      2.9.4 Komponen Pembentuk Jaringan............................................   73
      2.9.5 Arsitektur Jaringan Komputer...............................................   73
2.10 Software Pendukung.....................................................................   77
2.10.1 Microsoft Visual Basic Versi 6.0................................................   77
2.10.2 Microsoft Office Access Versi 2003............................................   77
2.10.3 Microsoft Visio Versi 2003.........................................................   77
2.10.4 Rational Rose Versi 2000...........................................................   78
2.10.5 Sparx Systems’ Enterprise Architect 7.0...................................   79

BAB III  ANALISIS SISTEM
  3.1 Analisis Sistem..............................................................................   81
  3.2 Kondisi Objektif Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Garut..............   82
        3.2.1 Visi Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Garut..........................   82
        3.2.2 Misi Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Garut.........................   82
        3.2.3 Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi Dinas Perhubungan
                 Kabupaten Garut.................................................................   83
                 3.3 Deskripsi Proses.......................................................................   87
                 3.4 Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem......................................................   88
                       3.4.1 Identifikasi Aktor...........................................................   88
                       3.4.2 Pengembangan Use Case................................................   90
                                3.4.2.1 Narative Use Case Sistem Penentuan Alokasi
                                            Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (SIPATAP)...........   93
                                            3.4.2.1.1 Narative Use Case Melakukan
                                                           Pengaduan Alokasi Trayek
                                                            Angkutan  Perdesaan (ATAP)............   93
                                            3.4.2.1.2 Narative Use Case Survey Penentuan
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan 
                                                           Perdesaan (ATAP)...............................   94
                                            3.4.2.1.3 Narative Use Case User Login............   95
                                            3.4.2.1.4 Narative Use Case Penentuan
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................   96
                                            3.4.2.1.5 Narative Use Case Melihat Data
                                                           dan Laporan Alokasi Trayek
                                                           Angkutan Perdesaan (ATAP)..............   97
                                            3.4.2.1.6 Narative Use Case Me-manage Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................   99
                                            3.4.2.1.7 Narative Use Case Menambah Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 100 
                                            3.4.2.1.8 Narative Use Case Mengubah Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 101
                                            3.4.2.1.9 Narative Use Case Menghapus Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 102
                                            3.4.2.1.10 Narative Use Case Pencarian Data
                                                            Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                            (ATAP)............................................... 103
                                            3.4.2.1.11 Narative Use Case Penentuan
                                                             Jumlah Armada.................................. 104 
                                            3.4.2.1.12 Narative Use Case Penentuan Tarif... 105
                                            3.4.2.1.13 Narative Use Case Membuat SK
                                                             Penentuan Alokasi Trayek
                                                             Angkutan  Perdesaan (ATAP)........... 106
                                            3.4.2.1.14 Narative Use Case Edit Password..... 107
                                3.4.2.2 Proyeksi Use Case ke dalam Activity Diagram... 108
                       3.4.3 Pengembangan Activity Diagram.................................... 116
                       3.4.4 Pengembangan Diagram Interaksi (Interaction Diagram)     119
                                3.4.4.1 Sequence Diagram.............................................. 120
                                            3.4.4.1.1 Sequence Diagram Melakukan Pengaduan
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 120
                                            3.4.4.1.2 Sequence Diagram Survey Penentuan
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 120
                                            3.4.4.1.3 Sequence Diagram User Login............ 121
                                            3.4.4.1.4 Sequence Diagram Penentuan Alokasi
                                                           Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (ATAP).. 122
                                            3.4.4.1.5 Sequence Diagram Melihat Data dan
                                                           Laporan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan
                                                           Perdesaan (ATAP)............................... 122
                                            3.4.4.1.6 Sequence Diagram Me-manage Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 123
                                            3.4.4.1.7 Sequence Diagram Menambah Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 123
                                            3.4.4.1.8 Sequence Diagram Mengubah Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 124
                                            3.4.4.1.9 Sequence Diagram Menghapus Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 125
                                            3.4.4.1.10 Sequence Diagram Pencarian Data
                                                             Alokasi Trayek Angkutan
                                                             Perdesaan (ATAP)............................. 126
                                            3.4.4.1.11 Sequence Diagram Penentuan Jumlah
                                                             Armada.............................................. 126
                                            3.4.4.1.12 Sequence Diagram Penentuan Tarif.. 127
                                            3.4.4.1.13 Sequence Diagram Membuat SK
                                                             Penentuan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan
                                                             Perdesaan (ATAP)............................. 127
                                            3.4.4.1.14 Sequence Diagram Edit Password..... 128
                                3.4.4.2 Collaboration Diagram....................................... 128
                                            3.4.4.2.1 Collaboration Diagram Melakukan
                                                           Pengaduan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan
                                                           Perdesaan (ATAP)............................... 128
                                            3.4.4.2.2 Collaboration Diagram Survey Penentuan
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 129
                                            3.4.4.2.3 Collaboration Diagram User Login..... 129
                                            3.4.4.2.4 Collaboration Diagram Penentuan
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 130
                                            3.4.4.2.5 Collaboration Diagram Melihat Data dan
                                                            Laporan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan
                                                           Perdesaan (ATAP)............................... 130
                                            3.4.4.2.6 Collaboration Diagram Memanage Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 131
                                            3.4.4.2.7 Collaboration Diagram Menambah Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 131
                                            3.4.4.2.8 Collaboration Diagram Mengubah Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 132
                                            3.4.4.2.9 Collaboration Diagram Menghapus Data
                                                           Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                           (ATAP)................................................ 132
                                            3.4.4.2.10 Collaboration Diagram Pencarian Data
                                                             Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan
                                                             (ATAP).............................................. 133
                                            3.4.4.2.11 Collaboration Diagram Penentuan
                                                             Jumlah Armada.................................. 133
                                            3.4.4.2.12 Collaboration Diagram Penentuan
                                                             Tarif.................................................... 134
                                            3.4.4.2.13 Collaboration Diagram Membuat SK
                                                             Penentuan Alokasi Trayek Angkutan
                                                             Perdesaan (ATAP)............................. 134
                                            3.4.4.2.14 Collaboration Diagram Edit
                                                             Password............................................ 135
                       3.4.5 Identifikasi Kelas, Atribut & Method............................ 135
                 3.5 Mengimplementasikan Konsep Pemodelan Objek................... 137
                       3.5.1   Mengimplementasikan Kelas........................................ 137
                       3.5.2   Mengimplementasikan Objek........................................ 138
                       3.5.3   Mengimplementasikan Atribut...................................... 138
                       3.5.4   Mengimplementasikan Method..................................... 138
                       3.5.5   Mengimplementasikan Agregasi................................... 139
                       3.5.6   Mengimplementasikan Pembungkusan (Encapsulation)      139
                       3.5.7   Mengimplementasikan Pewarisan (Inheritance)............ 140
                       3.5.8   Mengimplementasikan Generalisasi/Spesialisasi........... 140
                       3.5.9   Mengimplementasikan Message.................................... 141
                       3.5.10 Mengimplementasikan Polymorphism.......................... 142

BAB IV  PERANCANGAN SISTEM
                4. Perancangan Sistem................................................................... 143
                    4.1 Perancangan Kelas, Metode, Atribut dan Asosiasi............... 144
                    4.2 Menyaring UML Class Diagram.......................................... 145
     4.2.1 Menyaring Atribut............................................................ 146
     4.2.1.1 Penyaringan Atribut untuk Kelas Survey............. 146
     4.2.1.2 Penyaringan Atribut untuk Kelas Kecamatan...... 146
                            4.2.1.3 Penyaringan Atribut untuk Kelas User (Staff)....... 147
                            4.2.1.4 Penyaringan Atribut untuk Kelas Armada.............. 147
                            4.2.1.1 Penyaringan Atribut untuk Kelas Alokasi Trayek.. 148
4.2.2 Perancangan Metode dan Protokol................................... 149
     4.2.2.1 Perancangan Metode Insert Data Penentuan
                 Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (PATAP)... 149
     4.2.2.2 Perancangan Metode Update Data Penentuan
                 Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (PATAP)... 150
     4.2.2.3 Perancangan Metode Delete Data Penentuan
                 Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (PATAP)... 150
     4.2.2.4 Perancangan Metode Display Data Penentuan
                 Alokasi Trayek Angkutan Perdesaan (PATAP)... 151
     4.2.2.5 Perancangan Metode Print Data Alokasi Trayek
                 Angkutan Perdesaan (ATAP)............................... 152  
                    4.3 Perancangan Layer Akses dan Antarmuka (Interface).......... 152
                          4.3.1 Perancangan Layer Akses............................................ 152
                                 4.3.1.1  Penciptaan Tabel dengan SQL dan Normalisasi      154
                                 4.3.1.2  Query dengan SQL........................................... 157
                       4.3.2  Perancangan Antarmuka (Interface)............................... 158
                                 4.3.2.1  Perancangan Antarmuka Kelas Form Login..... 159
                                 4.3.2.2  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Menu Utama... 160
                                 4.3.2.3  Perancangan Antarmuka Form User (Staff)...... 161
                                 4.3.2.4  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Kecamatan...... 162
                                 4.3.2.5  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Survey............. 163
                                 4.3.2.6  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Armada........... 164
                                 4.3.2.7  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Alokasi Trayek 165
                                 4.3.2.8  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Laporan........... 166
                                 4.3.2.9  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Surat Keputusan
                                              (SK)................................................................... 167
                                 4.3.2.10  Perancangan Antarmuka Form Edit Password      168
                 4.4 Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Sistem.................................................. 171
                      4.4.1 Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Fungsional................................... 171
                      4.4.2 Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Non Fungsional........................... 171
                              4.4.2.1 Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak................................ 171
                              4.4.2.2 Kebutuhan Perangkat Keras................................. 172
                              4.4.2.3 Struktur Menu Program........................................ 172

BAB V  KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1    Kesimpulan................................................................................. 175
5.2    Saran........................................................................................... 176

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN


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